参数handlers

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app = tornado.web.Application(handlers=[(r"/", IndexHandler)])

元组组成的列表

get_argument方法

RequestHandler对象的get_argument方法来捕获请求查询字符串的参数。

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class WrapHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
    def post(self):
        text = self.get_argument('text')
        width = self.get_argument('width', 40)
        self.write(textwrap.fill(text, int(width)))

http方法

Tornado支持任何合法的HTTP请求（GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、HEAD、OPTIONS）

http状态码

set_status()方法显式地设置HTTP状态码

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class FrobHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
    def head(self, frob_id):
        frob = retrieve_from_db(frob_id)
        if frob is not None:
            self.set_status(200)

重写write_error()方法在你的RequestHandler类中

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class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
    def get(self):
        greeting = self.get_argument('greeting', 'Hello')
        self.write(greeting + ', friendly user!')
 
    def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):
        self.write("Gosh darnit, user! You caused a %d error." % status_code)

Anaconda2和3在windows共存

先正常完全安装好Anaconda2，然后下载Anaconda3，将Anaconda3安装在X:Anaconda2\envs\py3下，3安装时取消勾选Advanced Options的两个复选框。

使用时命令：activate py3

设置虚拟环境(virtualenv)使用python3开发tornado

  1. 进入项目目录:G:\Coding\python\durex

  2. activate py3

  3. pip install virtualenv

  4. virtualenv env

  5. env\Scripts\activate

显示如下：

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(env) (py3) Administrator@pirogue G:\Coding\python\durex
  1. pip install tornado

项目分层

durex

模板绑定

一个简单的server web ， 在tornado的单文件py里直接定义settings和url以及url对应的handler映射关系就可以了。

不过在这里将项目分层后，我们也将每部分配置和功能代码分离出来

  • server.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""
  Author:  pirogue --<[email protected]>
  Purpose: Web服务启动文件
  Created: 2017/4/6
  Site:    http://pirogue.org
"""
 
 
import tornado.httpserver
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import tornado.autoreload
 
from application import settings
from url import url
 
 
from tornado.options import define, options
define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    tornado.options.parse_command_line()
    app = tornado.web.Application(handlers=url, **settings)
    http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(app)
    http_server.listen(options.port)
    print('Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:%s/' % options.port)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
  • url.py
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 #!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""
  Author:  pirogue --<[email protected]>
  Purpose: URL路由配置文件
  Created: 2017/4/8
  Site:    http://pirogue.org
"""
 
from handlers import login
 
 
url = [
    # LoginHandler url
    (r"/login", login.LoginHandler),
    (r"/", login.MainHandler),
    (r"/logout", login.LogoutHandler),
]
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
  • handler/login.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""
  Author:  pirogue --<[email protected]>
  Purpose: 
  Created: 2017/4/8
  Site:    http://pirogue.org
"""
 
 
import tornado.web
from dbs.initdb import Base, engine, DBSession
from dbs.models.users import User
 
########################################################################
class BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    """ 基础类 """
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def get_current_user(self):
        """ 获取当前是否存在用户 """
        return self.get_secure_cookie("email")
         
 
########################################################################
class LoginHandler(BaseHandler):
    """ 登录 """
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def get(self):
        """Constructor"""
        self.render("login.html")
         
    def post(self):
        email = self.get_argument("email", None)
        pwd = self.get_argument("password", None).encode('utf8')
        if email and pwd:
            import hashlib
            pwd = hashlib.md5(pwd).hexdigest()
            if DBSession.query(User).filter(User.email == email,
                                             User.password == pwd).scalar():
                self.set_secure_cookie(
                    "email", email, expires_days=None, httponly=True
                )
                self.render("index.html")
            else:
                self.redirect(self.get_login_url(), permanent=True)
        else:
            self.redirect(self.get_login_url(), permanent=True)
    
    
########################################################################
class MainHandler(BaseHandler):
    """后台首页"""
 
    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @tornado.web.authenticated
    def get(self):
        """Constructor"""
        self.render('index.html')
 
class LogoutHandler(BaseHandler):
 
    """ 退出 """
 
    def get(self):
        self.clear_all_cookies()
        self.redirect(self.get_login_url())
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
  • application.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""
  Author:  pirogue --<[email protected]>
  Purpose: 应用配置文件
  Created: 2017/4/8
  Site:    http://pirogue.org
"""
 
 
import os
import logging
 
 
settings = dict(
    # 设置Debug开关
    debug = True,
    # 设置templates路径
    template_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
    # 设置静态文件解析路径
    static_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "assets"),
    # 设置cookie密钥
    cookie_secret = "1234567890qwertyuiopasdnghjklzxcvbnm1234567890qwrtyu",
    login_url = "/login",
)
 
 
# web日志配置
logfile = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "logs", "app.log")
handler = logging.FileHandler(logfile)
logger = logging.getLogger()
 
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)

python3、tornado、mysql（sqlalchemy）

  • Tornado中sqlalchemy使用

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003856556

  • 在Python3下使用tornado和SQLAlchemy实现一个简单的MVC网站

http://blog.csdn.net/xuzhigang_china/article/details/40377679

  • sqlalchemy入门记录

http://www.cnblogs.com/wswang/p/5826347.html

  • Tornado sqlalchemy

http://www.cnblogs.com/mosson/p/6071224.html

  • Python操作MySQL -即pymysql/SQLAlchemy用法

http://www.cnblogs.com/pangguoping/p/5720322.html

  • python的sqlalchemy框架略讲

https://www.androiddev.net/python-linux-sqlalchemy/

  • SQLAlchemy基础教程

http://www.codexiu.cn/python/SQLAlchemy%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/73/529/

SQLAlchemy本身无法操作数据库，其必须以来pymsql等第三方插件，Dialect用于和数据API进行交流，根据配置文件的不同调用不同的数据库API，从而实现对数据库的操作。

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MySQL-Python
 
    mysql+mysqldb://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
 
    python3 已经不支持mysqldb了
 
pymysql
 
    mysql+pymysql://<username>:<password>@<host>/<dbname>[?<options>]
 
MySQL-Connector
 
    mysql+mysqlconnector://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
 
cx_Oracle
 
    oracle+cx_oracle://user:pass@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]
 
更多详见：http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/index.html

安装支持：

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(env) (py3) g:\Coding\python\durex>pip install sqlalchemy
 
pip install sqlalchemy
Collecting sqlalchemy
  Downloading SQLAlchemy-1.1.9.tar.gz (5.2MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: sqlalchemy
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for sqlalchemy: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for sqlalchemy: finished with status 'done'
  Stored in directory: C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\pip\Cache\wheels\62\c3\8f\12a643439a7ba36143e21533ac633b99da8537b1deb8d0f0c3
Successfully built sqlalchemy
Installing collected packages: sqlalchemy
Successfully installed sqlalchemy-1.1.9
 
 
(env) (py3) Administrator@ORZ-HB G:\Coding\python\durex
 
$ pip install pymysql
 
Collecting pymysql
  Downloading PyMySQL-0.7.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (78kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 93kB/s
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.7.11

SQLAlchemy使用方法

  • 连接数据库
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#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""
  Author:  pirogue --<[email protected]>
  Purpose: 初始化数据库
  Created: 2017/4/12
  Site:    http://pirogue.org
"""
 
 
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 
# 数据库配置
DB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
DB_USER = 'root'
DB_PWD = 'roadfmima'
DB_NAME = 'durex'
 
# 创建对象基类
Base = declarative_base()
 
# 初始化数据库连接
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://%s:%s@%s/%s?charset=utf8' %
                       (DB_USER, DB_PWD, DB_HOST, DB_NAME),
                   encoding='utf-8', echo=True,
                 pool_size=100, pool_recycle=10)
 
# 创建DBsession类型
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
DBSession = Session()

  • sqlalchemy.schema包里有数据库关系描述
    字段： Column
    索引： Index
    表： Table

  • sqlalchemy.types包里有数据类型
    二进制： BIGINIT
    布尔： Index
    字符： CHAR
    可变字符： VARCHAR
    日期： DATETIME

  • sqlalchemy.sql包里有操作方法
    execute, update, insert, select, delete, join等

  • 用户数据库模型以及添加测试数据
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#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""
  Author:  pirogue --<[email protected]>
  Purpose: 用户关系模型
  Created: 2017/4/12
  Site:    http://pirogue.org
"""
 
 
from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, Unicode, TIMESTAMP
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref
# import sys
# sys.path.append("..")
from dbs.initdb import Base, engine, DBSession
 
 
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    
    id = Column(Integer, autoincrement=True, primary_key=True)
    username = Column(Unicode(50), nullable=False)
    email = Column(String(50), nullable=False)
    password = Column(String(32), nullable=False)
    create_time = Column(TIMESTAMP, default=datetime.now)
 
def init_db():
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
 
def drop_db():
    Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
 
if __name__=="__main__":
    init_db()
    #drop_db()
    # user_data = User()
    # user_data.username = 'pirogue'
    # user_data.email = '[email protected]'
    # user_data.password = 'e4d755e3f2bb546909d9703c4681a171'
    # DBSession.add(user_data)
    # DBSession.flush()
    # DBSession.commit()
    print('create user table')

python采用pika库使用rabbitmq总结，多篇笔记和示例

http://blog.csdn.net/chenjiebin/article/details/8253433

w3af_api 学习

http://0cx.cc/tag/w3af/
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3af-api-client
http://docs.w3af.org/en/latest/api/index.html

切换开发环境到Ubuntu 16.04 LTS + python2

原因windows下开发编译很多Python的第三方库心累，也有部分第三方的工具是用Python2写的，研究并迁移精力有限。

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root@ubuntu:/coding/python/durex# source env/bin/activate
 
(env) root@ubuntu:/coding/python/durex# pip install pymysql

pip时发现异常的慢 囧

  • 修改pip更新源

在主目录下创建.pip文件夹

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mkdir ~/.pip

然后在该目录下创建pip.conf文件编写如下内容：

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[global]
trusted-host =  pypi.douban.com
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple

这里以豆瓣的源为例，由于最新的pip安装需要使用的https加密，所以在此需要添加trusted-host
对于window系统来说基本配置相同创建或修改配置文件在%HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini

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(env) root@ubuntu:/coding/python/durex# pip install sqlalchemy
Collecting sqlalchemy
  Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/02/69/9473d60abef55445f8e967cfae215da5de29ca21b865c99d2bf02a45ee01/SQLAlchemy-1.1.9.tar.gz (5.2MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.2MB 3.4MB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: sqlalchemy
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for sqlalchemy ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/a9/5a/66/2ff71109f1ed14eb4ce8e88eacd8478c0f162bc23f847fe77d
Successfully built sqlalchemy
Installing collected packages: sqlalchemy
Successfully installed sqlalchemy-1.1.9

每秒3.4MB，心情舒畅多了~么么

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(env) root@ubuntu:/coding/python/durex# pip install tornado

安装w3af依赖

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sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev python-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libevent-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
pip install pybloomfiltermmap==0.3.14 esmre==0.3.1 phply==0.9.1 nltk==3.0.1 chardet==2.1.1 tblib==0.2.0 pdfminer==20140328 futures==2.1.5 pyOpenSSL==0.15.1 ndg-httpsclient==0.3.3 pyasn1==0.1.9 lxml==3.4.4 scapy-real==2.2.0-dev guess-language==0.2 cluster==1.1.1b3 msgpack-python==0.4.4 python-ntlm==1.0.1 halberd==0.2.4 darts.util.lru==0.5 Jinja2==2.7.3 vulndb==0.0.19 markdown==2.6.1 psutil==2.2.1 termcolor==1.1.0 mitmproxy==0.13 ruamel.ordereddict==0.4.8 Flask==0.10.1 PyYAML==3.12 tldextract==1.7.2
 
sudo apt-get -y install libyaml-dev git libsqlite3-dev

Ubuntu Linux平台下Python集成开发环境Wing IDE无法输入中文的问题

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root@ubuntu:~# dpkg -L fcitx-frontend-qt5
 
/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts/libfcitxplatforminputcontextplugin.so
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/fcitx-frontend-qt5
/usr/share/doc/fcitx-frontend-qt5/README
/usr/share/doc/fcitx-frontend-qt5/copyright
/usr/share/doc/fcitx-frontend-qt5/changelog.Debian.gz
 
root@ubuntu:~# cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts/
root@ubuntu:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts# ls
libcomposeplatforminputcontextplugin.so  libibusplatforminputcontextplugin.so
libfcitxplatforminputcontextplugin.so
 
root@ubuntu:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts# cp libfcitxplatforminputcontextplugin.so /usr/lib/wingide6/bin/runtime-qt5.5/plugins/platforminputcontexts/
 
root@ubuntu:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts#

框架代码向w3af post数据需要requests库

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pip install requests

w3af 安装gui依赖

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sudo apt-get -y install python-webkit python-gtksourceview2 python-gtk2 graphviz
 
pip install xdot==0.6
 
    - PyGTK >= 2.12
 
    - GTK >= 2.12

这里遇到一个大坑：

不能在虚拟环境中安装PyGTK和gtk！百度、谷歌了N久。

Install pygtk inside of a virtualenv

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# Ensure we're in a virtualenv.
 
if [ "$VIRTUAL_ENV" == "" ]
then
    echo "ERROR: not in a virtual environment."
    exit -1
fi

# Setup variables.
CACHE="/tmp/install-pygtk-$$"
 
# Make temp directory.
mkdir -p $CACHE
 
# Test for py2cairo.
echo -e "\E[1m * Checking for cairo...\E[0m"
python -c "
try: import cairo; raise SystemExit(0)
except ImportError: raise SystemExit(-1)"
 
if [ $? == 255 ]
then
    echo -e "\E[1m * Installing cairo...\E[0m"
    
    # Fetch, build, and install py2cairo.
    (   cd $CACHE
        curl 'http://cairographics.org/releases/py2cairo-1.10.0.tar.bz2' > "py2cairo.tar.bz2"
        tar -xvf py2cairo.tar.bz2
        (   cd py2cairo*
            autoreconf -ivf
            ./configure --prefix=$VIRTUAL_ENV --disable-dependency-tracking
            make
            make install
        )
    )
fi
 
# Test for gobject.
echo -e "\E[1m * Checking for gobject...\E[0m"
python -c "
try: import gobject; raise SystemExit(0)
except ImportError: raise SystemExit(-1)"
 
if [ $? == 255 ]
then
    echo -e "\E[1m * Installing gobject...\E[0m"
    # Fetch, build, and install gobject.
    (   cd $CACHE
        curl 'http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/pygobject/2.28/pygobject-2.28.6.tar.bz2' > 'pygobject.tar.bz2'
        tar -xvf pygobject.tar.bz2
        (   cd pygobject*
            ./configure --prefix=$VIRTUAL_ENV --disable-introspection
            make
            make install
        )
    )
fi
 
# Test for gtk.
echo -e "\E[1m * Checking for gtk...\E[0m"
python -c "
try: import gtk; raise SystemExit(0)
except ImportError: raise SystemExit(-1)" 2&> /dev/null
if [ $? == 255 ]
then
    echo -e "\E[1m * Installing gtk...\E[0m"
    # Fetch, build, and install gtk.
    (   cd $CACHE
        curl 'https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/P/PyGTK/pygtk-2.24.0.tar.bz2' > 'pygtk.tar.bz2'
        tar -xvf pygtk.tar.bz2
        (   cd pygtk*
            ./configure --prefix=$VIRTUAL_ENV PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$VIRTUAL_ENV/lib/pkgconfig
            make
            make install
        )
    )
fi

封装李劼杰的子域名扫描

https://github.com/lijiejie/subDomainsBrute

windows 下pip install esmre==0.3.1

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$ pip install esmre==0.3.1
Collecting esmre==0.3.1
  Using cached esmre-0.3.1.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in g:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\lib\site-packages (from esmre==0.3.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: esmre
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for esmre ... error
  Complete output from command g:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\scripts\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='c:\\users\\admini~1\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build-attjnf\\esmre\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d c:\users\admini~1\appdata\local\temp\tmpl1xblipip-wheel- --python-tag cp27:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
  copying src\esmre.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
  running build_ext
  building 'esm' extension
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release
  creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\src
  C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0\VC\Bin\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Ig:\myenv\anaconda2\include -Ig:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\PC /Tcsrc/esm.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\src/esm.obj
  esm.c
  C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0\VC\Bin\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Ig:\myenv\anaconda2\include -Ig:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\PC /Tcsrc/aho_corasick.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\src/aho_corasick.obj
  aho_corasick.c
  src/aho_corasick.c(48) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'stdbool.h': No such file or directory
  error: command 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Common\\Microsoft\\Visual C++ for Python\\9.0\\VC\\Bin\\amd64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for esmre
  Running setup.py clean for esmre
Failed to build esmre
Installing collected packages: esmre
  Running setup.py install for esmre ... error
    Complete output from command g:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\scripts\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='c:\\users\\admini~1\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build-attjnf\\esmre\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\users\admini~1\appdata\local\temp\pip-lcnnxs-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers g:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\include\site\python2.7\esmre:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
    copying src\esmre.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-2.7
    running build_ext
    building 'esm' extension
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release
    creating build\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\src
    C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0\VC\Bin\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Ig:\myenv\anaconda2\include -Ig:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\PC /Tcsrc/esm.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\src/esm.obj
    esm.c
    C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0\VC\Bin\amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -Ig:\myenv\anaconda2\include -Ig:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\PC /Tcsrc/aho_corasick.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-2.7\Release\src/aho_corasick.obj
    aho_corasick.c
    src/aho_corasick.c(48) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'stdbool.h': No such file or directory
    error: command 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Common\\Microsoft\\Visual C++ for Python\\9.0\\VC\\Bin\\amd64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

    ----------------------------------------
Command "g:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\scripts\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='c:\\users\\admini~1\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build-attjnf\\esmre\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\users\admini~1\appdata\local\temp\pip-lcnnxs-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers g:\coding\python\qingteng\crawl\w3af\venv\include\site\python2.7\esmre" failed with error code 1 in c:\users\admini~1\appdata\local\temp\pip-build-attjnf\esmre\
``` 

> 到C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0\VC\include目录下，创建一个stdbool.h，内容如下：

typedef int bool;

#define false 0

#define true 1
```